日本国債デフォルトの定義2011年08月05日 20時39分

はたしてこの1000兆円を返していけるのか、返せないのなら、いつデフォルト(債務不履行)するのか、というのがこの議論のテーマである

はたしてこの1000兆円を返していけるのか、返せないのなら、いつデフォルト(債務不履行)するのか、というのがこの議論のテーマである。

 

まずは、日本国債のデフォルトの定義を確認しておく必要がある。

デフォルトとは、本来政府が約束した期日に利子や元本の支払いを履行しなかったり、条件を途中で変更したりする場合を指す。本サイトでは、国債を誰も買わなくなった場合もデフォルトと呼んでいるが、売れなくなってしまったら、利子すら払えなくなってしまう。『日本国 デフォルト』という題名は、「債務不履行」というより、その結果として起こる「破綻」の意味合いが強い。

 

日本政府は平成11年度からは試案として、平成15年度からは「国の財務書類」として、バランスシート(貸借対照表)を公表しているが、毎年約200兆円を超える債務超過となっている。

 

図表11]に平成20年度末における国のバランスシートを示す。表右側の<資産・負債差額>に示されているように国は317.4兆円の債務超過であることが分かる。企業であれば間違いなく倒産だが、国は倒産しないのだ。

 

しかし、誰も買わなければ日本国債はデフォルトするから、日本政府(日本国)の破綻に結びつく。個人や企業に貯金があるので、そのお金を使えば借金を返せるなどと、人のお金を当てにした論調を展開する評論家が結構いるが、脳天気と言わざるを得ない。そんな人たちは税金も国債発行も同じだと乱暴なことを言う。税金は現世代が払うが、国債は「60年償還ルール」と言って、借り換えを行いながら、60年で完全に償還されるので、子や孫も巻き込まれる。

 

赤字国債(特例国債)については、以前は借換債の発行を行っていなかったが、厳しい財政状況の中で、借換債がなしくずし的に発行されるようになってしまった。 こうして知らないうちに子や孫の世代まで巻き込まれていくのだ。

 

ちなみに広辞苑では、デフォルトとは「債務不履行。特に発展途上国で、対外債務の元利支払が不能となった状態を指す。」と、記述されている。だから、通常は外国に対する債務の意味だと思われるが、日本国民から借りたお金も債務には違いない。日本もついに発展途上国に逆戻りしたのかと残念でならないが、外国人投資家の間では新衰退国ニュー・デクライニング・カントリー)とも呼ばれ始めている。そうだとしても国民自ら改革ができないのなら仕方がない。

「借りられたのだから返せるでしょ」と言うのは簡単だが、あなたなら本当に返せますか。

 

この続きが、電子書籍販売サイトのパブーにて無料ダウンロードで読めます

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